Protective effect of the cybister lateralimarginalia extract cl on renal function of rats with chronic nephritis induced by doxorubicin / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish a model of chronic nephritis induced by doxorubicin and a model of RAW264.7 cell inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), and to study the protective effect of the Cybister lateralimarginalia extract CL on the renal function of rats with chronic nephritis induced by doxorubicin and its anti-inflammatory effect. METHODS: A rat model of chronic nephritis was established by a single intravenous injection of doxorubicin (6 mg·kg-1). After 2 weeks of modeling, normal control group and model control group were given normal saline while other groups were given intragastric administration of CL high and low dose, Shenyankangfu tablets and prednisone acetate respectively. The body weight of the rats was recorded every day. The 24 h urine was collected every weekend and the urine protein content was measured. After the last administration, the rats were dissected the next day, and the kidney and liver indexes were calculated. The levels of TP, ALB, TC, TG, BUN and Scr in serum were determined. The pathological changes of kidney tissues were observed. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS 10 μg·mL-1) was used to induce the RAW264.7 cell inflammation model. PBS was given to the normal control group and the model control group while CL low, medium and high dose were given to other groups respectively. The levels of TNF-α and iNOS in the supernatant of cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(Elisa). RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the content of 24 h urine protein, the levels of TC, TG, BUN and Scr in serum, kidney index and liver index were significantly increased in the model control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05), but the body weight of rats, the levels of TP and ALB in serum were significantly decreased (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The secretion of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and iNOS were significantly increase in RAW264.7 cells with inflammatory induced by LPS (P<0.01). Compared with the model control group, the content of 24 h urine protein and the levels of TC, TG, BUN and Scr in serum were significantly decreased in the Shenyankangfu group, the prednisone acetate group and the CL group(P<0.01 or P<0.05), but the body weight of rats, the levels of TP and ALB in serum were significantly increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05); the pathological condition of renal tissue was improved to some extent. Each dose of CL could reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and iNOS in RAW264.7 cells with inflammatory induced by LPS (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The extract of Cybister lateralimarginalia has an obvious anti-inflammatory effect and has a good protective effect on chronic nephritis in rats.

Influences of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on neurovascular coupling in contralateral motor region / 医疗卫生装备

Object To investigate the changes of neurovascular coupling (NVC) in the contralateral cerebral motor region under the action of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at different frequencies. Methods Some experiments were designed, the electroencephalography (EEG) signals and the near-infrared spectra (NIRS) of the subjects were obtained under different rTMS stimulation frequencies, and EEG power spectrum of each frequency band and NIRS blood oxygen signals to the contralateral movement area were computed and the change characteristics and correlation were analyzed.Results For different stimulation frequencies, the energy of each frequency band of EEG increased after the stimulation, and then decreased rapidly. The oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) concentration was decreased during stimulation, and then raised. The change rate of the two signals varied with different stimulation frequencies, while the change trend was the same.The EEG power spectrum was negatively correlated with the change of HbO2 concentration after stimulation, and it had delayed effect in varying degrees in the period after stimulation.Conclusion The effect of rTMS on the coupling of nerves and vessels in the contralateral cerebral motor region can be reliably revealed by the study of EEG combined with NIRS. This study will be helpful to the development of effective RTMS treatment parameters, and the results are expected to be applied in clinical treatment.

A Novel AGRN Mutation Leads to Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome Only Affecting Limb-girdle Muscle / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders caused by impaired neuromuscular transmission. The defect of AGRN was one of the causes of CMS through influencing the development and maintenance of neuromuscular transmission. However, CMS reports about this gene mutation were rare. Here, we report a novel homozygous missense mutation (c.5302G>C) of AGRN in a Chinese CMS pedigree.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We performed a detailed clinical assessment of a Chinese family with three affected members. We screened for pathogenic mutations using a disease-related gene panel containing 519 genes associated with genetic myopathy (including 17 CMS genes).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the family, the proband showed limb-girdle pattern of weakness with sparing of ocular, facial, bulbar, and respiratory muscles. Repetitive nerve stimulation showed a clear decrement of the compound muscle action potentials at 3 Hz only. Pathological analysis of the left tibialis anterior muscle showed predominance of type I fiber and the presence of scattered small angular fibers. The proband's two elder sisters shared a similar but more severe phenotype. By gene analysis, the same novel homozygous mutation (c.5302G>C, p. A1768P) of AGRN was identified in all three affected members, whereas the same heterozygous mutation was found in both parents, revealing an autosomal recessive transmission pattern. All patients showed beneficial responses to adrenergic agonists.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study reports a Chinese pedigree in which all three children carried the same novel AGRN mutation have CMS only affecting limb-girdle muscle. These findings might expand the spectrum of mutation in AGRN and enrich the phenotype of CMS.</p>

Pars plana vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane peeling for macular hole retinal detachment / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To compare the effect of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined with internal limiting membrane peeling(ILMP)for macular hole retinal detachment(MHRD).<p>METHODS: Totally 78 patients with MHRD from December 2013 to December 2015 in our hospital were randomly divided into control group(39 patients 43 eyes)and experimental group(39 patients 40 eyes). The control group was treated with PPV, experimental group with PPV combined with ILMP. We observed the therapeutic effect and recorded the occurrence of postoperative complications. After 6mo follow-up, the vision improvement of the two groups were compared as the average of the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)before and at 3, 6mo after surgery. <p>RESULTS: The reattachment rate of experimental group was 92%(37/40)with significant difference compared with control group(<i>χ</i>²=6.882, <i>P</i>=0.009). The improvement of visual acuity in the experimental group was better than that in the control group(<i>χ</i>²=14.216, <i>P</i><0.001). The postoperative BCVA of the experimental group at 3 and 6mo was significantly higher than that of the control group(<i>t</i>=7.119, <i>P</i><0.001; <i>t</i>=10.573, <i>P</i><0.001). There were less patients with the situation of increased intraocular pressure and visual field defect(<i>χ</i>²=11.323, <i>P</i>=0.001; <i>χ</i>²=8.573, <i>P</i>=0.003). The lens opacity occurrence rate had not significantly changed(<i>χ</i>²=1.835, <i>P</i>=0.176).<p>CONCLUSION: MHRD patients treated with PPV combined with ILMP recovered better and the incidence of complications was lower. It can improve the patient's retinal restoration effect more.

Effects of isovitexin on transient outward potassium current of ventricular myocytes in rats / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the effects of isovitexin Ⅳ on transient outward potassium current in rat ventricular myocytes. In this study, MTT assay was used to investigate the safe range of isovitexin. The results showed that the IC₅₀ of the drug was in the range of 10-30 μmol•L⁻¹, and the drug concentration of 1-3 μmol•L⁻¹ for the patch clamp test was within the safe range. In addition, the single ventricular myocytes were obtained by single-enzymatic hydrolysis through aortic retrograde perfusion. The transient outward potassium current (Ito) of rat ventricular myocytes was guided and measured by whole-cell patch-clamp technique and the changes of current characteristics were recorded after isovite was applied. When the concentration of IV was less than 0.1 μmol•L⁻¹, there was no significant effect on Ito. However, with the increase in the concentration of IV (≥0.3 μmol•L⁻¹), the peak of Ito was decreased gradually, from (32.32±2.9) pA/pF to （25.83±4.3） pA/pF, 1 μmol•L⁻¹ IV and (19.51±3.5) pA/pF, 3 μmol•L⁻¹ IV respectively, with an inhibition effect in a concentration-dependent manner. In the range of 1-3 μmol•L⁻¹, IV down-regulated the I-V curve of Ito significantly. The activation curve showed that IV can enable the maximum half activation potential (V1/2) to move to the positive direction, and the V1/2 was increased from (19.59±1.6) mV to (22.81±1.7) mV and (28.86±1.4) mV at concentration of 1, 3 μmol•L⁻¹, meanwhile the activation curve moved to the right. However, the maximum half inactivating potential (V1/2) of the steady-state inactivation curve of Ito was significantly decreased from (－51.43±0.99) mV to (－61.81±1.3) mV with concentration of 1 μmol•L⁻¹ and (－71.50±1.4) mV with concentration of 3 μmol•L⁻¹. The inactivation time constant of recovery from inactivation (τ) was up-regulated significantly from (94.89±0.73) ms to (118.5±1.5) ms and (162.4±1.4) ms at concentration of 1, 3 μmol•L⁻¹ respectively. Meanwhile IV could enable the inactivation recovery curve to move to the right, which suggested that it can prolong the recovery time from inactivation of the transient outward potassium channel. In conclusion, isovitexin had a high inhibitory effect on Ito in rat ventricular myocytes.

Effects of mechanical factors on autophagy / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Numerous diseases like cardiac hypertrophy and intervertebral disc degeneration are known to be implicated in the changes of mechanical stress acting on surrounding tissues or cells, and autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of these diseases. OBJECTIVE:To review the effects of mechanical factors on autophagy in different tissues and the underlying molecular mechanisms, thereby providing references for the research of autophagy and the prevention and treatment of related diseases. METHODS:A search of Web of Science and PubMed databases was performed for the literatures addressing the effects of mechanical factors on autophagy using the English keywords ofautophagy, mechanicaland the articles were summarized systematically. Finally, 52 literatures were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mechanical factors make great effects on autophagy of various cells, such as myocardial cells, endothelial cells, chondrocytes and skeletal muscle cells. Autophagy is a self-protective reaction, and the mechanical stress of physiological conditions induces autophagy to maintain cellhomeostasis, normal function and survival. The mechanism of autophagy induced by mechanical stress may involve PI3K-AKT-mTOR, oxygen free radical, AKT-FoxO and other pathways, and the definite mechanism needs to be further studied.

Retrospective Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Ticagrelor in the Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome / 中国药师

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of ticagrelor in the patients with acute coronary syndrome ( ACS) . Methods:A retrospective study was applied to investigate the ACS patients treated with ticagrelor in our hospital from July to December in 2015. The basic information of patients, drug administration, platelet aggregation induced by ADP, major adverse cardio-vascular events ( cardiac death,nonfatal myocardial infarction,target vessel revascularization and stent thrombosis) , and adverse drug reactions ( ADR) were recorded. The incidence of end point events was calculated and the change of platelet aggregation induced by ADP before and after the drug administration was analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results:A total of 161 patients were collected. The incidence of cardiovascular adverse events was 1. 2%, while the incidence of adverse drug reactions was 30. 4% including bleeding (15. 5%) without severe bleeding events and dyspnea (10. 6%) with 3 severe ones. The platelet aggregation rate before and after the ticagrelor treatment respectively was (54. 96 ± 14. 654)%and(24. 37 ± 13. 183)% in 122 patients with low reaction to clopidogrel( P<0. 01). Conclusion:Ticagrelor at the recommended dose can further reduce the platelet aggregation induced by ADP. In spite of high incidence of ADR, ticagrelor has slight ADR with good tolerance.

Experimental study on selection of auxiliary appliance during application of injection pump / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To execute experimental study injection rate and volumetric error and to explore their correlations with sizes of injectors and extension tube,so as to lay a foundation for the quality control of the injection pump.Methods Simulation experiment was carried out with involving in 10,20 and 50 ml of injectors and 80 and 120 cm extension tubes,and 6 kinds of connection systems were formed with auxiliary appliances.The injection rate and flow reading of the flow meter were obtained and then compared with the set values,and the correlations were proved between sizes of auxiliary appliances and the precision of injection dose and rate.Results In case other conditions kept the same,the injector with larger capacity behaved better in controlling injection rate and dose,and the shorter extension tube gained advantages over the longer one in regulating the precision for injection and injection dose.Conclusion The experiment contributes to the selection of auxiliary appliances and the enhancement of quality control,and the further research provides references for process design and materials selection of the injector.

Epidemiological survey of high-risk human papillomavirus among 2501 woman / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To survey the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in woman in Guangzhou during the period from 2013 to 2014.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 2501 women in Guangzhou seeking medical attention in our hospital underwent high-risk HPV genotype screening of cervical specimens using real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection among the women was 14.85% (146/983) in the year 2013, similar to the rate of 14.56% (221/1518) in 2014 (Χ(2)=0.041, P=0.839); no significant differences were found in the high-risk HPV infection rates between different age groups in either 2013 (Χ(2)=2.916, P=0.572) or 2014 (Χ(2)=6.494, P=0.165). The constituent ratio of the 13 types of high-risk HPV showed no significant difference between 2013 and 2014 (Χ(2)=11.872, P=0.452). The 13 HPV genotypes detected, listed in a descending order of the constituent ratios, included HPV-52, -16, -58, -56, -39, -51, -68, -59, -31, -35, -18, -33 and -45 in 2013, and were HPV-52, -16, -58, -68, -18, -51, -56, -39, -31, -33, -59, -35 and-45 in 2014.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We report a high prevalence of high-risk HPV among women in Guangzhou, which suggests the necessity of screening for high-risk HPV-DNA among women at all ages for prevention and early detection of cervical cancer.</p>

The Pubmed Bibliometric Analysis of Trend in the Research on Age-related Hearing Loss / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective This study aimed to define research status of age -related hearing loss ,and provide the basis and direction for future research .Methods We have retrieved all relevant literatures on age -related hearing loss from Pubmed ,and conduct an objective analysis of the existing literatures by Bibliometric analytics and co -word analysis method using co -occurrence bibliographic information mining system and SPSS22 .0 software for data analysis .Results There were a large number of articles and journals about presbycusis and age -related hearing loss .Many countries were involved in the research .Literatures and core authors were mainly from developed coun‐tries such as Europe and the United States .The quantity and quality of Chinese literatures were in a leading position in Asia .The researches focused on the common characteristics of patients ,the epidemiology ,characteristics of hear‐ing ,treatment and laboratory studies .There were some new research directions in recent 5 years ,such as factors as‐sociated with the younger ages before developing presbycusis ,standard design and use of questionnaires ,prevention and control .Conclusion Age-related hearing loss will continue to be a hot topic with growing focus on micro and macro development of multi -disciplinary cooperation .The penetration will be the trend for the future research while the prevention will become a new focus of research .

Expression of cancer-testis antigen in multiple myeloma / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Recently, the immunotherapy has been highlighted among cancer treatments. Cancer-testis antigen (CTA) has been studied in a variety of solid tumors because of its specific expression in tumors, and testis, ovary and placenta tissues, but not in other normal tissues. In order to provide a new approach for multiple myeloma (MM) immunotherapy, we examined the CTA expression in MM cell lines, and primary myeloma cells in patients with MM. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in MM cell lines of RPMI-8226 and U266, and bone marrow (BM) cells of 25 MM patients and 18 healthy volunteers. The results showed that the 4 CTAs were expressed in RPMI-8226 and U266 cell lines. The positive expression rate of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in the BM cells of 25 MM patients was 28% (7/25), 80% (20/25), 40% (10/25) and 68% (17/25), respectively. In contrast, the expression of any member of the CTAs was not detected in BM cells of 18 healthy volunteers. The expression of two or more CTAs was detected in 80% (20/25) MM patients, and that of at least one CTA in 88% (22/25). The mRNA expression levels of SSX1 and SSX4 were significantly higher in patients with MM at stage III than in those at stage I and II (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the mRNA expression levels of MAGE-C1/CT7 and SSX2 in further stratified analyses by age, gender, MM types and percentage of MM cells in BM (P>0.05). In conclusion, our present study showed that MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 were co-expressed in MM cell lines and the primary myeloma cells in MM patients, but not expressed in BM cells of healthy subjects. The mRNA levels of SSX1 and SSX4 are associated with MM clinical stage. This work may provide a new insight into MM immunotherapy in the future.

Expression of cancer-testis antigen in multiple myeloma / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Recently, the immunotherapy has been highlighted among cancer treatments. Cancer-testis antigen (CTA) has been studied in a variety of solid tumors because of its specific expression in tumors, and testis, ovary and placenta tissues, but not in other normal tissues. In order to provide a new approach for multiple myeloma (MM) immunotherapy, we examined the CTA expression in MM cell lines, and primary myeloma cells in patients with MM. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in MM cell lines of RPMI-8226 and U266, and bone marrow (BM) cells of 25 MM patients and 18 healthy volunteers. The results showed that the 4 CTAs were expressed in RPMI-8226 and U266 cell lines. The positive expression rate of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in the BM cells of 25 MM patients was 28% (7/25), 80% (20/25), 40% (10/25) and 68% (17/25), respectively. In contrast, the expression of any member of the CTAs was not detected in BM cells of 18 healthy volunteers. The expression of two or more CTAs was detected in 80% (20/25) MM patients, and that of at least one CTA in 88% (22/25). The mRNA expression levels of SSX1 and SSX4 were significantly higher in patients with MM at stage III than in those at stage I and II (P0.05). In conclusion, our present study showed that MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 were co-expressed in MM cell lines and the primary myeloma cells in MM patients, but not expressed in BM cells of healthy subjects. The mRNA levels of SSX1 and SSX4 are associated with MM clinical stage. This work may provide a new insight into MM immunotherapy in the future.

Expression of dendritic cell marker CD21 is a positive prognostic factor in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze CD21 expression in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and to explore its relationship with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data from 80 DLBCL patients who were treated in First Hospital of Jilin University from June 2005 to September 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The cases were subjected to immunohistochemical staining (SP method) for Ki-67, CD20, CD79a, CD3, CD43, CD5, cyclin D1, bcl-2, CD10, bcl-6, GCET-1, FOXP-1 and MUM-1 protein expression in the tumor tissue. Immunohistochemistry was also used to detect CD21 expression in the tumor tissue. SPSS 18.0 was used to analyze the relationship between CD21 expression and various clinical factors, and the relationship between various clinical factors including CD21 and overall survival.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the patients aged under 60 years, the incidence of CD21(+) lymphoma (64.0%, 16/25) was significantly higher than that of CD21(-) lymphoma (38.2%, 21/55). There were more CD21(+) lymphoma patients who were at clinical stages I-II (52.0%, 13/25) than patients with CD21(-)lymphomas (23.6%, 13/55). There were also more CD21(+) lymphoma patients (68.0%, 17/25) having less than two extranodal sites involvement than CD21(-)lymphoma patients (41.8%, 23/55). In addition, there were more CD21(+) lymphoma patients with IPI 0-2 (68.0%, 17/25) than CD21(-)lymphoma patients (41.8%, 23/55). There were more CD21(+) lymphoma patients with GCB subtype (60.0%, 15/25) than CD21(-)lymphoma patients (23.6%, 13/55). Death related to DLBCL was less in CD21(+) lymphoma patients (32.0%, 8/25) than CD21(-) lymphoma patients (56.4%, 31/55). Univariate analysis showed that these clinical pathological characteristics affected the overall survival of DLBCL patients, including age, ECOG score, LDH, extranodal involvement, IPI index, CD21 expression, treatment option and efficacy (P < 0.05) . Cox multivariate analysis showed that ECOG score, LDH, extranodal involvement, CD21 expression were closely related to prognosis, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Among the 80 patients, the overall survival (OS) of CD21(+) lymphoma patients was significantly higher than that of CD21(-) lymphoma patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of CD21 is associated with young age at onset, early clinical stage, small number of involvement and low IPI index. The OS and median overall survival of CD21(+) lymphoma patients are significantly higher than those of CD21(-) patients. CD21 expression, ECOG score, LDH, extranodal involvement are independent prognostic factors in DLBCL, and in particular, the expression of CD21 is more significant in the prognosis of DLBCL patients.</p>

Detection of antigen-receptor gene rearrangement clonality for diagnosis of lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the significance of detecting the antigen-receptor gene rearrangement clonality in the diagnosis of lymphoma. Paraffin-embedding and HE staining of samples from 31 patients with lymphomas were performed for morphologic observation by light microscope. Immunophenotype was analyzed by the immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. The clonality of antigen-receptor gene rearrangement was detected by BIOMED-2 Assay Kit. The results showed that among the 31 cases, 12 cases were suspected to be T-cell lymphoma, 1 case was suspected to be T-cell reactive hyperplasia, and 16 cases were suspected to be B-cell lymphoma, 2 cases were B-cell reactive hyperplasia. The detection results showed that the positivity of Ig gene rearrangement clonality was 94.44% (17/18), the positivity of TCR gene rearrangement clonality was 92.31% (12/13), the other two cases were negative. Finally, 12 cases were diagnosed to be T-cell lymphoma and 17 cases were B-cell lymphoma. The other two cases were reactive lymphoid proliferations. And the positivity rate in the 31 patients with lymphomas was 93%. It is concluded that the detection of antigen-receptor gene rearrangement clonality is a useful assistant method in the diagnosis of lymphoma.

Cerebral microbleeds - prevalence, distribution and risk factors in northeast population without preceding large-area stroke / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) occur frequently in patients suspected of cerebrovascular disease and they are the principle radiographic findings in patients with sub-clinical neurological impairment. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, distribution, severity and associated clinical features of CMBs in a prospective hospital patient based cohort undergoing brain MRI for suspected cerebrovascular disease, excluding cases with known intracranial hemorrhage or prior large-area stroke.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study population consisted of 447 patients who were evaluated with T2*-gradient echo sequences to detect the CMBs lesion number, location, and their association with white matter hyperintensities and clinical parameters, including blood pressure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CMB lesions were presented in 95 of the 447 patients (21.3%). The distribution of CMBs was 43.95% cortical, 19.77% thalamic, 14.41% in the brainstem, 11.58% cerebellar, 6.21% periventricular white matter, 5.64% involving the basal ganglia regions, and 0.28% involving the hippocampus. There was a statistically significant association between the presence of CMBs and advancing age (adjusted OR 2.082, P < 0.01), the severity of hypertension (adjusted OR 2.208, P < 0.01). Also there was a statistically significant (P < 0.01) correlation between the presence of CMBs and the severity of hypertension and white matter lesions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CMBs occur frequently in patients with no prior large-area stroke who were referred for brain MRI for suspected cerebrovascular disease. The severity of CMBs correlates with the severity of hypertension and the presence of cerebral white matter changes detected by MRI.</p>

Study on enzyme-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Dioscorea opposita / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To extract polysaccharides from Dioscorea opposita by alpha-amylase and ultrasound.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The optimum condition of enzyme-assisted extraction has been obtained through orthogonal test according to the yield of polysaccharides.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A higher yield of polysaccharides was achieved at 55 degrees C, pH 5.5 , with a load of alpha-amylase 10 mg for 1.0 hour, the extraction rate was increased by in compare of sonolysis treatment alone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>To carry out an enzyme treatment before ultrasound--assisted extraction elevated the yield of polysaccharides.</p>

Several Issues Need to be Resolved in Implementing Health Management / 中国慢性病预防与控制

Health management plays an important role in the control of medical costs and in maintaining people' s health.Since the beginning of health management performance in our country,the major problems were:inadequacy of govement's support;imperfect laws;irregular marketing operation;lack of feasible health management model;controversy over long-term economic benefits;lack of awareness on health in common people and so on.To solve these problems,it is necessary to strengthen government support,and enhance people's health awareness,and explore the health management model consistent with the actual situation in China.